So much for her bullshitry! (Only to have shit thrown back at it!)

So much for her bullshitry! 

(Only to have shit thrown back at it!)

Notes on the recent action of Lorraine Badoy-Partosa 

and how lawyers, academics, and concerned folks ganged up together against her hyseria

This note condemns a former government official and her threats against Judge Marlo Magdoza-Malagar and her husband, Atty. Chancellor of the University of the Philippines-Cebu, Leo Malagar. 

Because Lorraine Badoy-Partosa made the claim a few days ago on social media that political beliefs were to blame for the murder of a judge and the bombing of courthouses. The DOJ's petition was dismissed on September 21 by Magdoza-Malagar, presiding judge of Manila Regional Trial Court Branch 19, in a court judgment that the influencer disagrees with. Malagar contrasted between "terrorism" and "rebellion" in rejecting the DOJ's argument, pointing out that terrorism has a wider reach than revolt and that rebellion is merely one method of terrorism. Malagar distinguished between "rebellion" and "terrorism" in rejecting the DOJ's plea, pointing out that terrorism is broader in scope than rebellion, with rebellion being only one of the various means by which terrorism can be committed. 

For the apologist, Badoy's and her colleagues in the NTFELCAC "were about to cut the head of the serpent," as they've claimed, only to find themselves affecting the concerned, much less the innocent, all in the name of "anti-subversion" and "anti-terrorism." That their comments, whether justified as free speech whether posted on social media or spoken in a television program, rather degenerated into absurdity, especially in connecting certain people (including judge Magdoza-Malagar) to the communist party and therefore “face the consequences”. 

With words such as “So if I kill this judge and I do so out of my political belief that all allies of the CPP-NPA-NDF must be killed because there is no difference in my mind between a member of the CPP-NPA-NDF and their friends, then please be lenient with me,” the former government official posted a hypothetical question that is willing to do so in the name of her “anti-communist cause.” 

And this kind of question did occur in countries such as Latin America during the 1980s. Those who advocated for human rights, the rule of law, and even expressed concern were killed in the name of counterinsurgency, or anti-terrorism in today's parlance. Even clergymen like Bishop Romero was killed by the military just because he spoke against state terror! Will Badoy's words remain hypothetical in light of this example? This doesn't matter to the apologist; in fact, it justifies what amounts to an open public threat against a lawful official, what more a member of the bar. 

Furthermore, according to the statement from the “Free Legal Assistance Group”, that “Badoy's threat is not protected speech-it is a felony. Her red-tagging of the spouses Malagar violate their rights under international law and Philippine law. Her irresponsible posts against them and others clearly indicate that she will continue to act with impunity unless she is held accountable.”

Even the University of the Philippines College of Law condemn the threats and should not be allowed to remain unaddressed as red tagging violates the basic principles on the role of lawyers. “Both undermine the rule of law a s represent the continuing impunity which is key to the modus operandi of Ms. Badoy and her ilk.” According to the statement.

Thus, in this light, this note again deplores such action by Badoy et al. as reeks of hysteria, as it vilifies and endangers those who administers justice if not seeking truth from facts. By claiming to be defending “democracy” and “freedom” under this current order this turned out to be willing to set aside due process, rule of law for their distorted concept of order reminiscent of oplans “Tokhang” and “Double Barrel” of the past regime- and this may repeat again by claiming this as a necessary evil.

At present, the former government official may’ve “obeyed” the order brought from the courts as it sternly warns those who continue to incite violence which endangers the lives of judges and their families" shall “likewise be considered a contempt” of the tribunal and “will be dealt with accordingly.” 

But, does it mean she and her ilk will stop and give way to the decision? Or will still babble as if nothing happened? 

“So much for a Nation’s ‘Continuing Past’ while people fighting for a Future to win”

“So much for a Nation’s ‘Continuing Past’ 

while people fighting for a Future to win”

(Or “Thoughts after Bongbong Marcos’s visit to the United States 

While supporters still yearning for 20 per kilo of rice”)

It’s been few months since the second Marcos regime had started. Described as a thermidor or even a restoration (sorry France), this regime, despite opportunities to appear “anew” chose to continue that of its predecessor- albeit trying to be ‘lite’ and yet carrying the same baggage of controversies that lingers even today. 

This may sound strange- for as the 31 million voters still swayed by the promise of restoring that “glorious past” to that of a 20 peso per kilo of rice, this regime chose to remain as that of its predecessors: feudal-neocolonial in foundation and neoliberal in it’s perspective.

How come? As remnants of the landed gentry remains significant both political and economic, catering the interests of international capital particularly its overlords from Beijing and Wall St., and recent newly-passed laws further consolidate interests particularly that of claiming to be “for economic recovery”; that in turn means higher taxes and repressed working conditions for the working masses while tax cuts and perks for the privileged few. 

And yet these 31 million voters still yearning for a 20 per kilo of rice. Teachers were even promised salary increase from that once-standard bearer claiming to be for ‘unity’ and yet these rather fell on deaf ears if not hearing VP Duterte as Education Secretary telling that “raising teacher’s salaries in public schools puts pressure on private schools”, so why on earth have to promise what they perceive as impossible? Is it to snare people for votes? So much for the bullshitry especially after the Education and Agriculture departments having confidential and intelligence funds (150 million for DepED, 4.5 billion for DA)- claiming national security for a reason. 

So much for the continuing past especially with Marcos along with Duterte restored to power. By claiming the need to restore order and greatness it is all but continuity of repression and corruption as everyone faced and felt. Profiteers continue to profit to and fro silently while its propagandists blaming the opposition for all the woes yet failing to look at their backyard! Apologists would still cling to their narrative, and yet failed to win hearts and minds of concerned folks who just wanted freedom, peace, land, bread, and justice.

***

Speaking of Wall St., Recently, president Bongbong visited the United States in an attempt to curry favour with the Biden regime for investments and businesses to set up shop in the country. 

Like a vassal to its lord, he affirmed the country’s subservience called “friendship”, a step back from Duterte’s pretending aggressiveness towards that country. This affirmation would include maintaining existing “unequal” agreements, from economic to military. 

However, from that same visit includes drawbacks- protests demanding accountability for the regime’s antipeople policies and actions, and the few presence of the members of the United Nations during his address in its general assembly showed disapproval despite apologists’ belittling. 

In that case people knows that the regime will always be riddled with corruption, repression, or injustice. In fact, the Marcoses still face a US$353 million contempt judgement against him in a US court, arising from the ill-gotten wealth amassed during the reign of Marcos sr.., and to think that president Bongbong enjoys his “diplomatic immunity” this doesn’t escape people’s demand for accountability especially when liabilities arising from that case and its decision. 

But obviously Marcos jr. and his apologists will still deny the accusations brought against his family and the 21-year regime of his father that committed gross human rights violations and large-scale plunder; while insisting that same reign as a ‘golden age’ that’s whitewashed of its horrible truths.  

***

As the concerned saw everything as but continuity of the past, attempts to dispel truth became part of the order’s agenda- and this becomes more than just “fear mongering” but also churning falsehoods and distortions all meant to ‘rally’ people into their banner- that video streaming sites, social media, are heavily “invested” by the administration and its apologists whether to whitewash the atrocities of the regime to that of putting the blame, shame into the opposition for all the woes and yet they themselves apologists failed to address the basic problems that pushes people to revolt against the very order they’re defending. 

In an instance, these apologists blame the Cojuangco/Aquino family for the tragic events such as “Mendiola” and “Hacienda Luisita” massacres, and yet they failed to assert agrarian reform to uplift the lives of the landless peasants nor implicate former president Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo (currently an ally of the regime) for tacitly supporting the armed forces and the police to disperse violently the struggling peasants in Hacienda Luisita, what more to persecute them as insurgents. 

Even the dispute in the west Philippine sea these apologists blame the Aquino administration for failing to defend Scarborough and Spratlys against the Chinese, all despite the damage brought by the Americans in the Tubbataha reef. And yet they’re mum on Duterte’s, what more of Marcos’s overtures with the Chinese! 

The Pork Barrel Scam last 2016 doesn’t even limit to that of then-administration party and its allies but also that of personalities like Juan Ponce Enrile, Jinggoy Estrada, and Ramon Revilla jr. who altogether end supporting the Marcoses! Even Marcos jr. himself then a senator did gain from that scam worth 10 million pesos!  Will these apologists who claiming to “side with the truth” able to criticise their masters? Not even. 

Such bullshitries would say that the current regime, as in the past rather disregard defending national sovereignty or realising the aspirations of many in favour of upholding interests of the privileged few even it includes concessions with Beijing and Wall St. while oppressing its own people. From these would say people still wanted a future to win than forcing to content in its ever-continuing past. Every walk of life somehow felt the wonders of today’s setting as the glass-clad skyscrapers of Makati but to think that decades, if not centuries-old problems remain, what more of seeing the order upholding it, would make one think or say that the country is still in it’s continuing past- and it is the task of the folk to take back the future that’s envisioned by its forefathers.

The Altona Refinery: A Testament to Australia's Industrial Heritage and Progress

 The Altona Refinery: A Testament to Australia's Industrial Heritage and Progress

In the annals of Australia’s industrial history, few structures rival the significance of the Altona Refinery, established in 1949. This facility emerged as a pivotal institution during a transformative period, exemplifying the spirit of progress that characterized the post-war era.

As ExxonMobil announced its closure and the transition to a fuel import terminal in February 2021, the need to preserve the Altona Refinery as an esteemed emblem of industrial heritage has become increasingly urgent.

A Historical Chronicle of Progress

The Altona Refinery stands as a proud monument to a time when Australia sought to bolster its energy independence and economic resilience. Established amidst a growing demand for domestic petroleum, the refinery marked a significant stride toward reducing reliance on foreign oil imports. Its closure in 2021 raises critical concerns not only about local employment but also about the wider implications for downstream manufacturers in the region.

Tim Watts, an MP of the opposition Labor Party, has expressed alarm over potential job losses in chemical manufacturing resulting from the refinery's shutdown. “How many jobs will be lost now in chemical manufacturing?” he asked, highlighting the interconnected nature of industries that rely on the refinery (Watts, 2021). Such sentiments echo the need to preserve the facility, which has long been a cornerstone of economic stability in Altona and beyond.

Architectural Significance

From an architectural standpoint, the Altona Refinery is a striking example of mid-20th-century industrial design. Its expansive layout, featuring formidable processing units and vast storage tanks, exemplifies the principles of functionality and efficiency that define industrial architecture. The refinery's structures resonate with profound purpose, demonstrating the engineering ingenuity that facilitated the refining of crude oil into essential products.

As the decommissioning of refinery infrastructure began in 2022, with most operational processes closed, the potential loss of this architectural and technological landmark looms large. Preserving these structures offers future generations the opportunity to engage with the material culture of industrialization, fostering an understanding of the scientific principles and labor practices that shaped Australia’s modern economy.

Economic Contributions

The economic ramifications of the Altona Refinery are manifold. Long a vital contributor to the local economy, it has generated employment opportunities and supported ancillary industries, including the local chemical sector. The closure of the refinery not only signifies the potential loss of jobs but threatens the entire ecosystem of downstream manufacturers that rely on its operations. Steve Bell, CEO of plastics maker Qenos, articulated these concerns, stating that the implications of the shutdown extend beyond immediate job losses to the future of energy-intensive, value-adding manufacturing in Australia (Bell, 2021).

As Australia grapples with the challenges of energy production and environmental sustainability, the refinery serves as a symbol of the evolution of the energy sector. Preserving the refinery could safeguard not just a physical structure but also the jobs and economic stability it represents, as well as reflects the complexities of balancing economic growth with ecological responsibility. Innes Willox, CEO of the national employer association Ai Group, emphasizes that “a range of petrochemicals are critical inputs for many other businesses” (Willox, 2021). The importance of maintaining access to such resources cannot be overstated.

Cultural Heritage

Culturally, the Altona Refinery holds a cherished place in the hearts and minds of the local populace. It is interwoven with the identity of the Altona community, representing not merely an industrial facility but a source of pride and shared history. The stories of the men and women who labored within its confines are tales of sacrifice, dedication, and collective effort. Preserving the refinery serves to honor these narratives, ensuring that they are not lost to the passage of time.

In an age marked by rapid change and technological advancement, the preservation of such heritage sites is imperative. As the site transitions to a fuel import terminal, preserving its legacy becomes even more vital. From every structure to the narrative of its workers this provide continuity and connection to the past, reminding society of the foundations upon which modern life stands. This transformation presents an opportunity to engage the community in discussions about the future of energy and industry in Australia, emphasizing the lessons learned from the refinery’s storied past. Hence, the Altona Refinery, as a repository of collective memory, deserves safeguarding for future generations, inviting them to reflect on the journey of industrialization and its profound impact on contemporary life.

Conclusion

In summation, the Altona Refinery is more than a mere industrial facility; it is a testament to the progress, resilience, and ingenuity of a nation in transformation. Its preservation is not only a matter of historical and architectural significance but also an essential step toward honoring the economic and cultural heritage of the Altona community. As stewards of industrial legacy, the call to protect and celebrate the Altona Refinery resonates strongly, ensuring that its story continues to inspire and educate future generations. In doing so, society reaffirms its commitment to recognizing the invaluable contributions of the industrial past and their relevance to the present and future. The time to act is now, for the refinery’s legacy must not be allowed to fade away.

References

Bell, S. (2021). The Implications of the Altona Refinery Closure for Australian Manufacturing. The Australian Financial Review.

Watts, T. (2021). Concerns Over Job Losses in Chemical Manufacturing Due to Altona Refinery Closure. Twitter Post.

Willox, I. (2021). The Importance of Petrochemicals in Australian Industry. Ai Group Press Release.

Of Brick , Concrete ports and warehouses: The Enduring Legacy of Industrial Heritage in Australia

 Of brick, concrete, and steel structures of labour and progress standing:

The Enduring Legacy of Industrial Heritage in Australia

Australia's industrial heritage represents a significant chapter in the nation’s history, embodying the transformations that shaped its economy, society, and cultural identity. This heritage includes a range of historical, architectural, scientific, economic, and cultural elements, all of which contribute to the enduring value of industrial edifices across the country. Through examining notable structures in cities like Melbourne and Sydney, we gain insight into how these sites have stood the test of time and continue to resonate in contemporary Australian society.

Forging a Progressive Identity:
The Historical Role of Industry in Australia

The industrial revolution in Australia gained momentum in the early 19th century, with pivotal events such as the Victorian gold rush catalyzing rapid urbanization and economic growth. Melbourne, emerging as a central hub during this period, witnessed the establishment of factories, railroads, and other infrastructures essential for industrial development. For instance, the Melbourne Flour Mills, built in the 1850s, not only played a crucial role in local agriculture but also served as a social center for workers and their families. As historian Andrew Themodore observes, "The industrial landscape of Melbourne during this period laid the groundwork for its identity as a modern metropolis" (Themodore, 2019). These historical edifices offer tangible connections to Australia’s past, illustrating the socio-economic transformations that have shaped its modern identity.

In Sydney, the evolution of industrial centers like Pyrmont highlights similar historical significance. The area developed into a major industrial zone characterized by shipping and manufacturing, becoming integral to Sydney’s economic fabric. The completion of Pyrmont Bridge in 1902 marked a vital connection between the bustling docks and the city, enhancing trade and transport. This bridge stands as a testament to Sydney’s industrial era and its capacity for growth, serving as both a functional structure and a historical landmark.

Showcasing both aesthetic and function for a progressive aspiration:
the Architectural Significance of an industrious nation

The architectural legacy of Australia’s industrial heritage reflects a diversity of styles and influences, showcasing both aesthetic and functional aspects of design. In Melbourne, the Royal Exhibition Building, completed in 1880, is a prime example of Victorian architecture. Designed in the Italian Renaissance style, its grand dome and elaborate detailing symbolize the aspirations of a city in the throes of industrialization. Architectural historian Peter B. Smith asserts, "The Royal Exhibition Building not only showcases the grandeur of the Victorian era but also represents the ambitions of a nation seeking to establish its identity" (Smith, 2020). This building not only serves as a venue for exhibitions and cultural events but also embodies the intersection of industry and culture.

Similarly, Sydney’s industrial structures reflect the utilitarian needs of the time while also showcasing architectural significance. The Ultimo Power Station, built in 1902, exemplifies the industrial aesthetic with its imposing brick façade and large chimneys. It stands as a monument to the technological advancements of its era and reflects the architectural trends of the time, marrying form with function. These structures contribute to the historical narrative of their respective cities, reminding residents and visitors alike of the industrious spirit that characterized the 19th century.

Creating a landscape for innovation:
the Scientific Significance of Australian Industrial Heritage

The period of industrialization in Australia was marked by significant scientific and technological advancements that fundamentally transformed manufacturing processes. Innovations in engineering, such as the development of steam power and machinery, revolutionized industries, leading to enhanced productivity. Institutions like the University of Melbourne played an essential role in fostering research and technological development, shaping the landscape of Australian industry. Historian Rebecca Jones notes, "The intersection of industrial growth and scientific advancement laid the foundation for Australia’s modern economy" (Jones, 2021).

Preservation efforts for industrial sites often include the documentation of these scientific contributions, offering valuable insights into the technologies that shaped the nation. For example, the Sydney Harbour Bridge, completed in 1932, showcases engineering feats that were groundbreaking at the time. Its construction required innovative techniques and materials, symbolizing the engineering prowess of early 20th-century Australia. Today, it stands not only as a functional transportation route but also as an enduring symbol of the nation's industrial achievements.

Shaping prosperity: Australia's industrial landscape
and its contribution to economic vitality

The industrial landscape of Australia has played a critical role in shaping its economic trajectory. Key industries such as textiles, machinery, and food processing were instrumental in providing employment and stimulating local economies. The adaptive reuse of industrial sites exemplifies how these structures continue to contribute to economic vitality. For instance, the transformation of the South Melbourne Market from an old industrial site into a vibrant community hub highlights the ongoing relevance of such spaces in contemporary urban environments. Urban planner Sarah Collins emphasizes that "adaptive reuse of industrial spaces not only preserves history but also supports economic development in contemporary urban environments" (Collins, 2022).

Another example would be the Altona Refinery, constructed in 1949 by ExxonMobil, This facility, established amidst a growing demand for domestic petroleum, emerged as a pivotal institution during a transformative period, exemplifying the spirit of progress that characterized the post-war era. From its purpose the refinery marked a significant stride toward reducing reliance on foreign oil imports. It provided essential fuel and catalyzed economic growth, enhancing the prosperity of Altona and its neighboring communities.

The endurance of these structures reflects their economic significance. Communities often advocate for the preservation of industrial sites, viewing them as symbols of heritage and identity. For example, the revitalization of the former industrial precincts in Docklands, Melbourne, illustrates how these spaces can be transformed into thriving commercial and residential areas while maintaining historical integrity.

The factory as part of a cultural tapestry:
The Cultural Significance of Australia's Industrial Heritage

Australia's industrial heritage also plays a vital role in shaping its cultural identity. The diverse communities that emerged around industrial centers contributed to a rich cultural tapestry, influencing art, music, and social movements. The Paddington Reservoir Gardens in Sydney, once a water reservoir, now serves as a public park and cultural space. This site reflects a blend of historical preservation and modern cultural expression, hosting events that foster community engagement and a sense of connection to the past.

Preserving industrial heritage sites also serves to commemorate the labor movements and struggles that have defined Australian society. The former Trades Hall in Melbourne stands as a symbol of workers' rights and activism, reminding contemporary audiences of the ongoing quest for social justice. These structures not only document the historical experiences of workers but also inspire current and future generations to reflect on issues of equity and labor rights.

Conclusion

In conclusion, Australia’s industrial heritage is a vital aspect of its historical narrative, characterized by rich architectural styles, significant scientific advancements, economic foundations, and cultural contributions. Structures like the Royal Exhibition Building, Pyrmont Bridge, and Ultimo Power Station showcase the nation’s industrial prowess and serve as enduring symbols of its identity. The ongoing preservation and adaptive reuse of these edifices ensure that they continue to inform Australia’s evolving story, connecting past and present in meaningful ways. As Australia moves forward, recognizing and valuing its industrial heritage will remain essential for fostering a deeper understanding of its history and cultural identity.

References

Collins, S. (2022). Adaptive Reuse in Urban Planning. Melbourne University Press.

Jones, R. (2021). Science and Industry in 19th Century Australia. Sydney Historical Society.

Smith, P. B. (2020). Victorian Architecture in Australia: A Historical Perspective. Brisbane Architectural Press.

Themodore, A. (2019). Melbourne: A City Transformed. Melbourne Historical Journal.

“The folk will never forget.”

“The folk will never forget.”

(A message for the 50th year of commemorating

 Martial Law in the Philippines)

By Kat Ulrike

Despite messages urging people to move on, this attempt to belittle memory is a mockery of one’s desire for justice and freedom, especially in this 50th year of commemoration. 

For whether it was dubbed as “constitutional authoritarianism” to that of “revolution from the center”,  Martial Law will always be remembered as that of failed promises and bloodied truths, of false pride and impunity all in the name of discipline and “development” that is, appeasing foreign masters, banksters, and the cronies. 

That by claiming that the country was facing an “oligarch-led coup”, a “communist rebellion” and a “Moro separatist movement”, Marcos sr’s thesis of “constitutional authoritarianism”, coupled with the trend of authoritarianism in Asian countries (Indonesia under Soeharto, South Korea under Park Chung Hee), and the provisions of the 1935 constitution as the commander-in-chief of the Armed Forces, Martial Law, despite its “achievements”, was a narrow justification to establish a civilian-military dictatorship, whose real aim was to monopolize political power, suppress all forms of dissent and opposition, and camouflage their reign of plunder and corruption. 

Its apologists, as in the past, will try their “best” to justify Martial Law as the golden age- that the “revolution from the center” meant a showcase of infrastructure development to that of the nutribun and imported milk in a time people had to queue in lines for a mixed corn-rice. One cannot forget how Marcos, claiming to be “liberal”, used Martial Law to counter a Jacobin threat- only to unravel its truths that fan the flames of resistance for nationalism and democracy. True that the infrastructures brought by the regime did benefit, but, these were not motivated by improving peoples lives- let alone seeing a regime and its apologists bragging and justifying political patronage. 

Decades after that self-proclaimed “revolution” attempts to silence calls for justice continues- this time by the state that ironically promised to respect human rights and civil liberties. Apologists continue to deny these inconvenient truths if not to justify the atrocities as necessary to stem the tide of subversion even willing to eschew human rights and civil liberties for their distorted view of discipline and order. It is not surprising that with their penchance for Martial Law and its “correct” terms (“Constitutional Authoritarianism”, “Revolution from the Center”) shows being paranoid as tyrants do- fear of a growing knowing populace that’s able to seek truth from facts, and all despite established facts and court decisions, both Philippines and abroad, that Marcos Sr. and his wife, nor any one of his officers, was ever punished for the crimes made in the name of “national security”.

What more to demand the folk to “move on” from the past that shows insisting a country to self-deny this part of history, while at the same time seeing the brutal tactics of Martial Law being applied to suppress the people’s civil and political rights and eliminate all forms of resistance and opposition. 

 But regardless of these attempts, the folk will never yield. As in the past, those who take the bitter cup of resistance will make various moves to counter that of the establishment’s, as well as that of its apologists who rather mum on the sufferings of many- from widespread unemployment, low wages and salaries, lack of income, landlessness, disenfranchisement, violation of civil liberties, and the likes. With these truths meant for the folk not just to say “never again” and “never forget”, but to “fight on” and “fight back” as it vigorously reject and denounce the abuses of political, economic and military power that continue to this day.

More than just “Never Again” or “Never Forget”. “Struggle! Rage against the dying of the light!”

More than just “Never Again” nor “Never Forget”.

“Struggle! Rage against the dying of the light!”

It is true that president Ferdinand Marcos jr. is no different from his late father. For as he justified the latter’s actions during his 21 year rule including that of its atrocities, this seems to be whitewashing the blood-soiled realities by equating Martial Law with “development”- in which apologists takes pride of it.

With that would say that the regime is trying to “restore” the way once was- and this is more than just a thermidor as first observed in this post-EDSA setting: that with Sara Duterte as vice president, and promising to continue the programs and policies of his predecessor, the country’s future under Bongbong seems uncertain let alone to hear words like “moving on”, “development”, and others. 

And in speaking of “moving on” and “development”, will people move on while feeling the same effects of 1972? Books are being banned, media outlets are being censored or shut down, activists and concerned folks being harassed or arrested, communities are militarised, ‘projects’ being tainted with corruption or undertaken without consultation from the very people affected by such ‘aggression’, these and more would say will people simply “move on” from a bloodied and oppressive past?

Regardless of denials or justifications brought by its apologists, the social, economic, and political basis for a dictatorship remains. The crisis such as poverty, landlessness, corruption, injustice, remains basis for a growing need for resistance no matter how agencies like the NTFELCAC to that of a social media apologist will try or downplay such basis as just “acts of terror”. For sure these apologists reminds of Hitler or Mussolini’s populism that end rallied by the well-offs, the “oligarchs” who claimed to be as “nationalist” as that of the commoners- for they’re scared of a growing people’s tremor against them!

But don’t lose hope as one may say. For the pushback against attempts to restore that “was” remains strong. For as people becoming concerned after seeking truth from facts, it is not surprising that the revolt of the poor continues- and this becomes more than just “Never Again” nor “Never Forget”, but instead “Struggle”, “Rage against the dying of the light”. For it is not enough to remember the sacrifices brought by those who fought and died, but also to relieve the action, not just in upholding freedom and democracy alone but to assert justice, peace, and solidarity as a fighting nation.