Wednesday, 29 January 2025

When China’s own AI work brought disruption, fame, and concern

When China’s own Artificial Intelligence work
brought disruption, fame, and concern

The Artificial Intelligence (AI) industry has been undergoing a dramatic and rapidly evolving transformation in recent years, driven by the relentless pursuit of innovation and the constant expansion of AI applications across various sectors.

In this dynamic landscape, a wave of new players is reshaping the competitive environment, with one of the most promising entrants being DeepSeek, a Chinese startup founded in 2023 by the visionary entrepreneur Liang Wenfeng. Though still in its nascent stages, DeepSeek has rapidly emerged as a formidable contender to the dominant AI giants of the West, such as OpenAI’s ChatGPT and Google’s Gemini.

What sets DeepSeek apart from its competitors is its flagship model, DeepSeek-R1, which has garnered attention for its remarkable performance, rivaling the capabilities of leading AI systems in natural language processing, machine learning, and problem-solving. Despite its power and efficiency, DeepSeek-R1 stands out by offering a significantly more resource-efficient and cost-effective solution, making it an attractive option for developers, companies, and researchers looking to harness AI technology without the high financial burden often associated with Western models. In addition to its performance advantages, DeepSeek is also open-source, empowering the global developer community to adapt, modify, and deploy the model according to their specific needs and objectives. This openness fosters an inclusive ecosystem, offering flexibility and control that stands in stark contrast to the more closed-off approaches taken by many of its Western counterparts.

As DeepSeek continues to develop and expand, it represents a new era of AI innovation—one that is more accessible, adaptable, and capable of disrupting the established status quo in the AI industry.

The Rise of DeepSeek, Its Disruption,
and the Implications Within the AI Industry

In recent years, the AI landscape has experienced a remarkable shift, with China-based DeepSeek emerging as a major disruptor. This disruption has profound implications not only for the development of artificial intelligence itself but also for the broader dynamics of the industry, particularly when it comes to competition, investment strategies, and the accessibility of cutting-edge technologies. At the core of DeepSeek’s meteoric rise is its flagship AI model, DeepSeek-R1, which has been crafted through an extraordinary investment of resources, including approximately 2,000 NVIDIA H800 GPUs, deployed over a period of 55 days. The total cost of developing DeepSeek-R1 is estimated at around $5.58 million, a figure that pales in comparison to the massive investments required by leading U.S. tech giants for similar models.

The efficiency and cost-effectiveness of DeepSeek-R1 have caused significant reverberations throughout the AI industry. Traditional models developed by major Western tech companies such as OpenAI, Google, and Microsoft often come with exorbitant price tags due to the high costs of hardware, computational power, and research and development. In contrast, DeepSeek’s ability to achieve comparable performance with a fraction of the investment has positioned it as a compelling alternative for both large enterprises and smaller research groups looking for a more cost-efficient means of accessing advanced AI capabilities. This price-to-performance advantage has shaken the foundation of the AI market, prompting investors to reassess the valuations of dominant tech companies.

In fact, the rise of DeepSeek has had tangible market consequences. The launch and success of DeepSeek-R1 have contributed to a noticeable decline in the stock values of major companies such as Microsoft, Alphabet (Google), and NVIDIA—companies that have long been at the forefront of AI development. The competitive edge that DeepSeek has gained by offering a highly efficient and accessible alternative has put pressure on these established players to rethink their strategies and invest further in making their own AI solutions more cost-effective and adaptable to changing market conditions. For investors, this shift signals a potential reorientation of where AI development is headed, with emerging players like DeepSeek challenging the traditional dominance of American tech titans.

Beyond the economic implications, the differing philosophies underlying the development of DeepSeek and ChatGPT represent a fundamental divergence in how AI is approached and controlled. While both models offer similar capabilities in natural language processing and other advanced AI tasks, they embody starkly contrasting ideologies when it comes to accessibility, collaboration, and openness. OpenAI’s ChatGPT operates within a tightly controlled, closed ecosystem, where its data, algorithms, and models are not easily accessible to external developers or researchers. This structure emphasizes stringent control over how the technology is used, limiting opportunities for independent experimentation or modification. For many, this closed approach raises concerns about the monopolization of AI development and the lack of opportunities for smaller developers or academic institutions to engage meaningfully with the technology.

In stark contrast, DeepSeek’s approach is rooted in openness and accessibility. The company has made DeepSeek-R1 an open-source model, allowing developers, researchers, and institutions across the globe to access the technology, modify it, and apply it to various use cases. This open-source model is a game-changer for the AI field, as it democratizes access to some of the most advanced AI capabilities available today. By enabling developers to freely experiment with the model and build on it, DeepSeek fosters a more collaborative, transparent environment where innovation can flourish beyond corporate walls. This accessibility not only accelerates the pace of AI research and development but also lowers the barriers to entry for smaller developers, startups, and academic institutions who may have been previously excluded from working with such powerful AI systems due to high costs or restrictive licensing agreements.

The implications of DeepSeek’s rise extend far beyond the technical performance of its model; they touch on broader issues of how AI development is structured and who gets to participate in shaping the future of artificial intelligence. By providing a more open and inclusive platform, DeepSeek has disrupted the traditional power dynamics of the AI industry, challenging the closed ecosystems of larger players and pushing the entire industry toward greater transparency and collaboration. As more developers and organizations flock to DeepSeek’s open-source model, it is clear that the shift toward openness could pave the way for more equitable access to AI technology and more diverse contributions to its evolution.

Ultimately, the disruption caused by DeepSeek signals a pivotal moment in the AI industry, where economic, philosophical, and geopolitical factors are all at play. The success of DeepSeek-R1 has not only underlined the potential for more cost-effective AI solutions but also highlighted the importance of openness and collaboration in driving the next generation of AI innovation. As the industry continues to evolve, the rise of DeepSeek serves as a reminder that the future of AI will likely be shaped not just by technological advancements, but by the philosophies and approaches that guide its development and deployment.

Raising "red flags" over geopolitical and social matters

However, this use of AI, whilst hailed as technological triumph by its creators, also disrupt not just market norms but also introducing questions regarding the role of Artificial Intelligence in various issues like geopolitics. Especially in the Philippines where DeepSeek, being China-based, has created concern over certain geopolitical issues, raising "red flags" regarding controversial matters.

In an instance, the Facebook page Philippines Defense Forces Forum tested the China-based AI and reported that the app provides answers favorable to the Chinese position regarding the disputed West Philippine Sea, this contradicts the contradicts the 2016 ruling by the Permanent Court of Arbitration under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), which favored the Philippines. And by presenting China’s position as factual, downplaying the Philippines's claim and the international ruling when asked about territorial disputes, such responses have sparked concerns that the China-based AI app could be used as a tool to subtly influence public opinion, shaping narratives to align with China’s geopolitical goals.

Similarly, in issues regarding Taiwan, DeepSeek describes the island as an “inalienable part of China’s territory since ancient times,” denying the existence of a “Taiwan Issue.” In contrast, other AI platforms like ChatGPT offer more nuanced perspectives, acknowledging the complexity of Taiwan’s political status.

These controversies highlights the role of using AI in shaping public discourse, especially in a time when fake news and deepfakes became a major matter to address with, AI systems, unlike traditional media, presents itself in a conversational manner with information passing as believable with users likely to pass it as objective truth.

As such, AI apps such as DeepSeek with its alleged biases also raise questions about the ethical responsibilities of its developers in addressing controversial topics.

A "Technological Triumph" with Caution

The emergence of AI-powered applications from both US-based giants like OpenAI and China’s DeepSeek has undoubtedly been hailed as a technological triumph, marking a significant milestone in the field of artificial intelligence. These breakthroughs have introduced models that are capable of processing and generating human-like text, solving complex problems, and offering innovative solutions across industries—from customer service and healthcare to education and beyond. The remarkable capabilities of these platforms are reshaping how we interact with technology, creating new possibilities and efficiencies that were once unimaginable.

However, the rapid rise of these AI models has not been without its controversies, sparking intense debate and raising important questions about their ethical use and broader societal implications. While their technological achievements are impressive, concerns have emerged regarding their impact on information integrity, data privacy, and the potential misuse of these platforms. For instance, the vast amounts of data that these models are trained on can raise issues about consent, transparency, and the potential for bias in the AI's responses. Furthermore, as these models become increasingly integrated into various aspects of daily life, the risk of misinformation and the manipulation of facts becomes a growing concern, particularly when AI-generated content is indistinguishable from human-produced material.

The geopolitical dimension of this conversation cannot be overlooked either. The development of AI systems like those from OpenAI and DeepSeek is not just a technological race—it is also a reflection of the ongoing global power struggle, where the policies, regulations, and intentions of developers are closely tied to national interests. This raises significant questions about censorship, particularly in countries with strict government control over information. The potential for these AI systems to be shaped by the political and ideological frameworks of their home countries adds another layer of complexity, especially when these models are used to shape public discourse or influence global narratives.

Given these multifaceted concerns, it is crucial for users, developers, and policymakers to maintain a careful and discerning eye on the ethical, legal, and geopolitical implications of AI technologies. As much as these innovations offer tremendous opportunities, they also highlight the need for vigilance—ensuring that these tools are used responsibly and that the systems guiding them remain transparent, fair, and accountable. In this rapidly advancing field, scrutiny over both the sources of information and the ethical practices behind these technologies is essential to safeguard against unintended consequences and preserve the integrity of the digital landscape.